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Carmen de Burgos
Carmen de Burgos y Seguí (pseudonyms, Colombine, Gabriel Luna, Perico el de los Palotes, Raquel, Honorine and Marianela; December 10, 1867 – October 9, 1932) was a Spanish journalist, writer, translator and women's rights activist. Johnson describes her as a "modern" if not "modernist" writer.
==Life==
She was born in 1867 in Almeria to a middle-class family where her father owned a gold mine. Her father, José de Burgos Cañizares, and her uncle Ferdinand were in charge of the vice-consulate of Portugal in Almeria. Her mother, Nicosia Segui Nieto, had come to the marriage with a substantial inheritance.〔(Carmen der Burgos "La Columbine" ), turismodealmeria.org, retrieved 29 March 2015〕 She escaped this family when she met Arturo Asterz Bustos. He was fifteen years older than her, he was a poet and a writer and he was an alcoholic. Her new husband earnt money as a typesetter on the family's newspaper but she soon found out that this was her job. She and Arturo were unhappily married for 17 years creating four children of whom only one survived.〔 In 1898 her baby son died and she enrolled at the local teacher training college. He advancement was rapid, within a year she was qualified to teach primary, by 1898 she could teach secondary and by 1900 she was qualified to teach teachers. Armed with these qualifications she could anticipate employment for life. She and her remaining daughter left her abusive and unfaithful husband and they set up their own house in Guadalajara where her first book was written. During this time she had learnt how to write for a living, she had earned her independence and she had developed a contempt for the institution of marriage. Burgos regarded herself as a feminist but her gender meant that her writings were not included when evaluations were made of Spanish (male) modernism.
However Burgos was nominally creating a number of novels for the "weekly novel" market that was popular at the start of the twentieth century. Burgos's novels however dealt with legal and political themes. Her novels dealt with taboo subjects including male and female homosexuality and transvestism. She highlighted the dual values applied that blamed women who were adulterers whereas men's involvement was forgiven. Women were given responsibility for illegitimate children and the law overlooked the abuse that some women found within their marriages. It has been noted that Burgos raised controversial subjects concerning gender, the law and rights but her writing did not offer a solution.〔 She exposed to the readers the disparity between traditional values of female education and modern life.〔 Burgos however exposed difficult issues as a dramatic event and in 1904 she had led a campaign to improve the availability of divorce.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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